Ti Material Characterization

Bobby Brown

Post 2016-03-03

What is Ti
Chemical and physical properties
Chemical resistance chart

What is Ti

Titanium (Ti), with the atomic number 22, is a transition metal known for its silver-white appearance, lightweight, high strength, and metallic luster. It's characterized by excellent corrosion resistance to sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine.

Stable chemically, it withstands both high and low temperatures and resists strong acids and bases, combining high strength with low density. Approximately half as dense as steel but comparably strong, titanium is ideal for aerospace, medical devices, and high-performance racing, earning it the moniker "space metal."

Despite its widespread occurrence, titanium is considered rare due to the complexities of its extraction process. It has two allotropes and five natural isotopes, with 48Ti being the most abundant at 73.8%.

Chemical and physical properties

Titanium (Ti) is a lightweight yet sturdy transition metal notable for its excellent corrosion resistance and strength. With a melting point around 1668°C and primarily existing as oxides in nature, titanium exhibits remarkable resistance to a wide range of acids and bases, low thermal and electrical conductivity, and is non-magnetic, making it suitable for applications sensitive to magnetic interference.

Mechanical processing of titanium requires sharp tools and appropriate cooling methods to prevent softening and indentation. Despite its fatigue limit similar to steel structures, ensuring durability in specific applications, titanium alloys generally have lower stiffness compared to aluminum alloys and carbon fiber, limiting their use in structures requiring high stiffness.

Titanium's corrosion resistance is almost comparable to platinum, making it resistant to dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, chlorine gas, chlorine solutions, and most organic acids, though it can be dissolved by concentrated acids.

Its low density (about 4.5g/cm³) is highly valued in aerospace and other industries requiring lightweight materials. Furthermore, titanium's excellent biocompatibility makes it ideal for medical implants and surgical instruments, capable of withstanding corrosion from various acids and bases, including sea water, thanks to a protective oxide film that forms on its surface. This characteristic, along with its biocompatibility, is extensively utilized in artificial joints and dental implants.

Chemical resistance chart

How to use this chart

» Meaning of symbol:
OK: Recommended. △: Must confirm if usable by testing in advanced. X: Not recommended.
» This chart only provides the result of a single chemical to material, if a client uses more than one kind of chemical at the same time, please choose material by experience.
» This chart is for reference only which is not applicable to all working environments. Please refer to design equipment according to practical experience.

Category	Name	Ti
Organic acids	Acetic acid	OK (100%)
	Acetic acid, glacial	N/A
	Acetic anhydride	N/A
	Citric acid	OK (50% @ Room temperature) △ (50% @ Boiling point)
Organic compound	Acetaldehyde	N/A
	Acetone	N/A
	Methyl alcohol	N/A
	Aniline	N/A
	Benzaldehyde	N/A
	Benzene	N/A
	Benzyl alcohol	N/A
	Benzyl chloride	N/A
	Corn oil	N/A
	Ethanol	N/A
	Ethylene glycol	N/A
	Fatty acid	N/A
	Formaldehyde	N/A
	Formic acid	OK (50% @ Room temperature) △ (50% @ Boiling point)
	Hexane	N/A
	Lactic acid	OK (10%)
	Methanol	N/A
	Paraffin oil	N/A
	Petroleum	N/A
	Phenol	N/A
	Propane, liq	N/A
	Propanol	N/A
	Stearic acid	N/A
	Tannic acid	N/A
	Tartaric acid	N/A
	Toluene	N/A
	Urea	N/A
Inorganic compound	Ammonia	N/A
	Ammonium chloride	N/A
	Ammonium hydroxide	N/A
	Ammonium nitrate	N/A
	Ammonium sulfate	OK
	Aqua regia	N/A
	Barium chloride	N/A
	Barium hydroxide	N/A
	Brine	N/A
	Calcium Chloride	N/A
	Calcium hydroxide	N/A
	Carbonic acid	N/A
	Chloric acid	N/A
	Chlorine	N/A
	Detergent	N/A
	Hydrobromic acid	N/A
	Hydrochloric acid	OK (5% @ Room temperature) △ (10% @ Room temperature) X (5% @ Boiling point)
	Hydrofluoric acid	N/A
	Hydrogen peroxide	OK (10%)
	Nitric acid	OK (64% @ Room temperature) △ (64% @ Boiling point)
	Phosphoric acid	OK (50% @ Room temperature) X (50% @ Boiling point)
	Potassium hydroxide	N/A
	Potassium nitrate	N/A
	Potassium sulfate	N/A
	Sodium carbonate	N/A
	Sodium hydroxide	N/A
	Sodium nitrate	N/A
	Sulfuric acid	OK (5% @ Room temperature) △ (60%)X (5% @ Boiling point) X (95%)
	Sulfur dioxide	N/A