Temperature converter

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Temperature is a physical quantity that indicates the degree of heat or cold of an object. Microscopically, it represents the intensity of molecular thermal motion within the object. Temperature can only be indirectly measured through certain properties of the object that change with temperature. The scale used to measure temperature is called a temperature scale, which defines the zero point and the basic unit for measuring temperature.
The theoretical upper limit of temperature is known as the Planck temperature, while the theoretical lower limit is absolute zero. Both the Planck temperature and absolute zero are practically unattainable, as they would require infinite energy or infinitely small energy changes, respectively.

The most widely used temperature scales internationally are the Celsius scale (°C), the Fahrenheit scale (°F), the Kelvin scale (K), and the International Practical Temperature Scale.
The Kelvin scale and the International Practical Temperature Scale are primarily used in scientific, physical, and chemical laboratories and industrial fields.
The Celsius scale (°C), generally used to express air temperature, is currently used in most countries, including European countries, Asian countries, most South American countries, most African countries, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
The Fahrenheit scale (°F) is mainly used in a few regions, such as the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, and the Cayman Islands.

The Planck temperature is the highest theoretically possible temperature, according to theoretical physics. At this temperature, the effects of quantum mechanics and general relativity break down, requiring new physics theories to describe phenomena. Achieving or exceeding the Planck temperature would require an infinite amount of energy, making it practically impossible.

Absolute zero is the zero point on the thermodynamic temperature scale, corresponding to -273.15°C on the Celsius scale and -459.67°F on the Fahrenheit scale. At this temperature, molecular motion theoretically ceases, and internal energy reaches its minimum.
However, due to the laws of thermodynamics, it is impossible to reach absolute zero because there will always be some energy and heat in any space, constantly converting and never disappearing. Thus, we can only infinitely approach absolute zero but never fully achieve it.